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Exam 12: Dna Replication and Manipulation

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Question 81

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Gel electrophoresis can distinguish between the _____ of different DNA fragments.

A) sequences
B) charge
C) sizes

D) A) and C)
E) None of the above

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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Restriction enzymes recognize certain DNA sequences and:

A) cut straight through both strands of DNA.
B) cut through the DNA, leaving some overhang at both ends.
C) will alternate between cutting straight through both strands of DNA and leaving some overhang at both ends.
D) some of them will cut straight through, while others will leave an overhang at both ends of the cut.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 83

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DNA replication of small circular molecules usually starts at a single origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally (that is, with two replication forks proceeding in opposite directions from the origin of replication). How would the time required for replication be affected if replication of such a molecule were unidirectional rather than bidirectional?

Mitochondria contain their own double-stranded, circular DNA and replicate on their own. Why don't they suffer the same consequences as our cells in terms of limited division?

Denaturation of DNA is a necessary step in Southern blotting procedure because it separates double stranded DNA into single stranded DNA.

The oligonucleotide primers used in the polymerase chain reaction are typically 20-30 nucleotides in length or longer; however, for purposes of this problem let's assume that six nucleotides is long enough. You wish to amplify the fragment shown below (the raised dots indicate several kilobases of DNA sequence not shown) and decide to design primers corresponding to the regions that are shown in bold. What primer sequences would you use? 5 '-TCAAACTTGCATGTG $\cdots$ GAGCCATGTGGCACAAA-3' 3'-AGTTTGAACGTACAG $\cdots$ CTCGGTACACCGTGTTT-5 '

In addition to introducing mutations in a gene, DNA editing by means of CRISPR can also correct mutations in a gene.

One of the first uses of DNA renaturation (hybridization) was to determine the degree of similarity in DNA between different pairs of species; this technique provides a measure of how closely the species are related evolutionarily. In renaturation studies, the genetic similarity between two samples is measured by determining the:

As a piece of linear DNA is replicated, the leading strand will have _____ RNA primer(s) and the lagging strand will have _____ RNA primer(s) .

What is the benefit of using Taq polymerase in PCR?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding DNA replication?

Which of the following enzymes is necessary to produce recombinant DNA?

The enzyme responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA is a type of:

The fact that DNA replication occurs in virtually the same way in all organisms reflects:

A student in a biology laboratory designs oligonucleotide primers to carry out the polymerase chain reaction. However when ordering the sequences, she reverses the 3' and 5' ends. The vendor synthesizes the sequences as ordered and returns them to the student. Will they produce an amplified product? Please explain your answer.

A cell with a defect in the proofreading function of DNA polymerase is observed to have a rate of incorporation of incorrect bases into newly synthesized DNA that is 100 times greater than a cell with a nondefective, normal DNA polymerase. Estimate from this number what fraction of incorrect nucleotide incorporations are corrected by the proofreading function of DNA polymerase in the cell with normal DNA polymerase.

_____ moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides.

Forensic technicians unearth a skeleton from a shallow grave. They extract a tiny amount of DNA from the pulp found in the teeth. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the victim's genes?

Using PCR, a student wants to amplify a sequence of known DNA from a genomic DNA sample. The two primers are both designed to pair with sequences that have a 40% GC content. Using a particular set of denaturation temperatures, annealing temperatures, and extension temperatures, the experiment does not produce the expected single DNA fragment of a single known size, but instead a set of fragments of varied sizes. Which of the following could account for these results?

The enzyme that catalyzes the addition of new nucleotides to a growing DNA strand is: