Question 1

All simple multicellular organisms are coenocytic, but not all coenocytic organisms are multicellular.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes features shared by simple multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells adhere to one another; most of the cells are capable of a wide range of functions, including reproduction; and the loss of one or more cells usually does not lead to the death of the organism.
B)  Cells adhere to one another and engage in extensive communication with one another; most of the cells are capable of a wide range of functions, including reproduction; and the loss of one or more cells usually does not lead to the death of the organism.
C)  Cells adhere to one another and most of the cells are capable of a wide range of functions except the ability to reproduce, which means that the loss of certain cells usually leads to the death of the organism.D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 3

Diffusion is BEST defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the random motion of individual molecules, with net movement from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
B)  the random motion of individual molecules, with net movement from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
C)  the highly ordered movement of large groups of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
D)  the highly ordered movement of large groups of molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
E)  the transition from individual molecules moving in a random manner to groups of molecules moving in a highly ordered manner.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following terms describes the process by which a fertilized egg develops into a multicellular organism with many different cell types, each with different structures and functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesion
B)  development
C)  communication
D)  embryologyE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning complex multicellular organisms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants and animals use bulk flow systems to move gasses and nutrients, but fungi and algae do not.
B)  Bulk flow systems require specialized organs like a heart to pump nutrients and dissolved gasses deep into tissues that are not in contact with the external environment.
C)  Bulk flow systems move substances faster than simple diffusion.D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 6

Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that function in:

Accepted Answer

A)  initiating differentiation of different cell types.
B)  oxygen transport.
C)  cell-cell adhesion.
D)  transport processes.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements about oxygen is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen is the only potential electron acceptor available on Earth's surface.
B)  Only the oxidation of organic molecules by O2 provides sufficient energy to support large, active organisms.
C)  Oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere favor diffusion into the interior cells of organisms.
D)  Oxygen is necessary for complex multicellular life.
E)  Oxygen became abundant in the atmosphere 580-560 million years ago.F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Complex multicellular organisms didn't succeed by doing the same thing as simpler eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Gastrulation in animal cells is able to take place because:

Accepted Answer

A)  animal cells do not have cell walls.
B)  mitosis stops so that cells are able to move around.
C)  cells in the meristem are able to migrate.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 10

Simple multicellular organisms show which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesion of cells
B)  little differentiation of specialized cell types
C)  little signaling between cells
D)  little transfer of resources between cells
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about meristems is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meristems contain a mixture of differentiated and undifferentiated cells.
B)  Meristems consist of cells that repeatedly undergo mitosis.
C)  Meristems are found at the tips of stems.
D)  Meristems are found at the tips of roots.
E)  Growth only occurs at meristems and not in other regions of the plant body.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Within the evolutionary history of animals there have been multiple duplications of the regulatory homeotic genes found in the hypothetical animal ancestor. How does this relate to the evolution of millions of complex multicellular animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each copy of the regulatory genes can evolve to alter patterns of development in the animal, resulting in many different morphologies in the organism.
B)  Each copy of the regulatory gene can evolve independently, but different copies of the genes are lost so only one of each type remains in different lineages. This results in different animal morphologies.
C)  Each copy of the regulatory gene is specific to one lineage, and results in different animal morphologies.D) A) and B)
E) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements contrasting simple and complex multicellularity is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex multicellular organisms show a large degree of cellular differentiation, whereas simple multicellular organisms show little differentiation into specialized cell types.
B)  Cell or tissue loss in a simple multicellular organism can be lethal for the entire organism, whereas cell or tissue loss in a complex multicellular organism does not lead to death of the entire organism.
C)  Highly specialized molecular mechanisms allow cells to adhere to one another in simple multicellular organisms, but not in complex multicellular organisms.
D)  Only some cells are in direct contact with the environment in simple multicellular organisms, whereas all cells are in direct contact with the environment in complex multicellular organisms.
E)  Most or all of the cells in a complex multicellular organism contribute to reproduction, whereas only a subset of cells contributes to reproduction in simple multicellular organisms.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Animals are to cadherins as plants are to:

Accepted Answer

A)  integrins.
B)  epithelia.
C)  adhesion.
D)  pectins.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Although choanoflagellates are fundamentally unicellular organisms, they possess genes that code for cadherins and integrins. Which of the following hypotheses regarding the function of these molecules in choanoflagellates is supported by laboratory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choanoflagellates use adhesion molecules to help capture bacterial prey.
B)  The genes are not actually expressed and are simply vestiges of an ancestor that used cadherins and integrins for adhesion.
C)  Cadherins and integrins are used for cell adhesion during the formation of temporary multicellular structures to defend against predators.
D)  Cadherins and integrins are used for cell adhesion during the formation of complex multicellular structures that are resistant to freezing temperatures.
E)  Choanoflagellates are parasites and use cadherins to attach to host organisms.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Many of the signaling pathways used for signaling between cells in complex multicellular organisms first evolved in:

Accepted Answer

A)  unicellular eukaryotes.
B)  simple multicellular eukaryotes.
C)  unicellular prokaryotes.
D)  simple multicellular prokaryotes.
E)  complex multicellular prokaryotes.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 17

If animals were unable to produce pectin, what effect would this have on their epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would have no effect on epithelial tissue structure or function.
B)  Epithelial cells would be unable to adhere to one another.
C)  Epithelial cells would be unable to communicate with one another.
D)  Epithelial cells would be unable to adhere to the extracellular matrix.
E)  Epithelial cells would be unable to form organized sheets of cells.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Land plants evolved from which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  green algae
B)  brown algae
C)  red algae
D)  complex fungi
E)  None of the answer options is correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT involved in plant development?

Accepted Answer

A)  active migration of cells
B)  cell division
C)  adhesion among cells
D)  adsorption of water and nutrients
E)  differentiation into distinct cell typesF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

The acquisition of traits necessary for complex multicellularity occurred independently in plants and animals, but took place in a specific order. In what order did these processes evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell adhesion molecules, a mechanism of communication, bulk flow
B)  bulk flow, a mechanism of communication, cell adhesion molecules
C)  a mechanism of communication, bulk flow, cell adhesion molecules
D)  a mechanism of communication, cell adhesion molecules, bulk flowE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 28: Being Multicellular

Which of the following is NOT involved in plant development?

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Which of the following statements about meristems is FALSE?

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Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes features shared by simple multicellular eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The acquisition of traits necessary for complex multicellularity occurred independently in plants and animals, but took place in a specific order. In what order did these processes evolve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complex multicellular organisms didn't succeed by doing the same thing as simpler eukaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although choanoflagellates are fundamentally unicellular organisms, they possess genes that code for cadherins and integrins. Which of the following hypotheses regarding the function of these molecules in choanoflagellates is supported by laboratory experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gastrulation in animal cells is able to take place because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Land plants evolved from which of the following groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms describes the process by which a fertilized egg develops into a multicellular organism with many different cell types, each with different structures and functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that function in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diffusion is BEST defined as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the evolutionary history of animals there have been multiple duplications of the regulatory homeotic genes found in the hypothetical animal ancestor. How does this relate to the evolution of millions of complex multicellular animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning complex multicellular organisms is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements contrasting simple and complex multicellularity is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals are to cadherins as plants are to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about oxygen is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If animals were unable to produce pectin, what effect would this have on their epithelial tissues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Simple multicellular organisms show which of the following characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many of the signaling pathways used for signaling between cells in complex multicellular organisms first evolved in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All simple multicellular organisms are coenocytic, but not all coenocytic organisms are multicellular.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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