Question 1

Edward Jenner received financial prizes from the British government for

Accepted Answer

A)  discovering the first effective method of inoculation against smallpox.
B)  discovering that cowpox could be used to vaccinate against smallpox.
C)  introducing inoculation against smallpox to western Asia.
D)  introducing inoculation against smallpox to colonial North America.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

How did the surge in childhood education in the eighteenth century affect literacy rates?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: The surge ...

Question 3

A young woman entering domestic service could expect

Accepted Answer

A)  to be protected against abuse by municipal and state laws.
B)  to work hard on an endless array of jobs.
C)  to attend weekly religious lessons at the local church.
D)  to have a great deal of free time in which to enjoy town life.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

What did the new discourse about children that emerged in the 1760s emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  A call for greater tenderness toward children
B)  Continuation of the practice of swaddling babies and using corsets to mold their bones
C)  An expansion of foundling hospitals
D)  Warnings against women nursing their own childrenE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

How did new patterns of food consumption develop in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Thanks to ...

Question 6

What factor explains the existence of several other areas, besides the area around Paris, with high literacy rates in France, as depicted in Map 18.1: Literacy in France, ca. 1789?

Accepted Answer

A)  The existence of Catholic monastic groups such as the Jesuits
B)  Royal favor that provided resources not available elsewhere in France
C)  Urbanization that might also feature extensive commerce and manufacture
D)  Large military facilitiesE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed products by all social classes in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Everyone wanted to support colonial expansion by consuming colonial products.
B)  There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor.
C)  Drinking tea was seen as a sign of an increasingly egalitarian society.
D)  The pace of work slowed, which allowed time for drinking tea.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following describes the treatment of children in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children were seen as beloved by God and not to be harshly rebuked.
B)  The disciplining of children was often severe in order to conquer the child's will.
C)  Children were largely undisciplined until they reached the age of education, around seven years of age.
D)  Both Protestant and Catholic law forbade striking a child for any cause.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The growth in eighteenth-century consumerism in clothing was encouraged by what two factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  The growth of fashion merchants who dictated changing styles and the declining production costs based on female labor
B)  The royal courts establishing fashion standards and improved market distribution networks
C)  The creation of the mechanical loom and the role of the servant class in spreading fashion
D)  The use of new dyes and materials from colonial products and the enforcement of new class restrictions on clothing usageE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

What was the underlying reason for the illegitimacy explosion of 1750-1850?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social and economic transformations that made it harder for families and communities to supervise behavior
B)  The decline of traditional moral standards owing to the Enlightenment
C)  Decreasing availability of birth control in the countryside
D)  The sexual exploitation of poor girls by wealthy menE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Eighteenth-century blood sports such as bullbaiting and cockfighting were

Accepted Answer

A)  strictly forbidden by laws passed against abuse of animals.
B)  popular with the European masses.
C)  regarded by almost all Europeans as examples of primitive behavior that should be condemned in an Age of Enlightenment.
D)  principally sponsored by betting syndicates that viewed them as highly lucrative sources of income.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

What was the Catholic version of Pietism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methodism
B)  Jansenism
C)  Faith healing
D)  CharivariE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

What was carnival, and why was it such an important part of popular culture?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Carnival w...

Question 14

Answer the following questions:
-community controls

Accepted Answer

A)  A pattern of cooperation and common action in a traditional village that sought to uphold the economic, social, and moral stability of the closely knit community.
B)  A widespread and flourishing business in the eighteenth century in which women were paid to breastfeed other women's babies.
C)  The wide-ranging growth in consumption and new attitudes toward consumer goods that emerged in the cities of northwestern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.
D)  The few days of revelry in Catholic countries that preceded Lent and that included drinking, masquerading, dancing, and rowdy spectacles that turned the established order upside down.
E)  A sect of Catholicism that emphasized the heavy weight of original sin and accepted the doctrine of predestination; it was outlawed as heresy by the pope.F) Members of a Protestant revival movement started by John Wesley, so called because they were so methodical in their devotion.G) A Protestant revival movement in early-eighteenth-century Germany and Scandinavia that emphasized a warm and emotional religion, the priesthood of all believers, and the power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs.H) The sharp increase in out-of-wedlock births that occurred in Europe between 1750 and 1850, caused by low wages and the breakdown of community controls.I) Events such as bullbaiting and cockfighting that involved inflicting violence and bloodshed on animals and were popular with the eighteenth-century European masses.J) The idea that prices should be fair, protecting both consumers and producers, and that they should be imposed by government decree if necessary.K) E) and H)
L) A) and B)

Question 15

What was the purpose of the raucous public rituals in which young men in a village would publicly humiliate a couple or individual who had committed adultery or abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  To make fun of traditional values that the young men rejected
B)  To ridicule the church and its leaders for their failures
C)  To regulate personal behavior and maintain community standards
D)  To call for a renewed dedication of Christian holinessE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Map 18.1: Literacy in France, ca. 1789 does not include any information on female literacy rates. What other information is excluded from this map?

Accepted Answer

A)  That there were trends in French literacy rates over time
B)  That literacy rates varied considerably by region
C)  That some areas had very low rates of literacy
D)  That literacy rates in some areas were unknownE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The eighteenth century was an era of improving health and increased life expectancy. Why? What impact did improving health and longevity have on European society?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Students s...

Question 18

What was a danger that threatened young girls who were living away from home in domestic service?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of contracting infectious diseases
B)  Reduced chances of marriage on returning home
C)  Risk of sexual attack by males in the households they served
D)  Malnutrition from subsisting on a city dietE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Why was John Wesley's Methodism particularly appealing?

Accepted Answer

A)  He favored overthrowing abusive governments.
B)  He advocated tender loving care for children.
C)  He refuted the doctrine of predestination, insisting that anyone who earnestly sought salvation could gain it.
D)  He allowed alcohol consumption, which other sects did not.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

How did the Enlightenment affect attitudes toward popular culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enlightened authors embraced popular culture as an authentic expression of the human condition unaffected by Christian theology.
B)  Governments sought to use the critical perspectives of the Enlightenment to control and manage popular culture.
C)  As the educated public adopted the Enlightenment's critical worldview, they increasingly saw popular culture as superstitious and vulgar.
D)  Enlightened authors approached popular culture from an anthropological perspective that permitted them to analyze it without condemning it.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 18: Life in the Era of Expansion 1650-1800

Map 18.1: Literacy in France, ca. 1789 does not include any information on female literacy rates. What other information is excluded from this map?

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Why was John Wesley's Methodism particularly appealing?

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What did the new discourse about children that emerged in the 1760s emphasize?

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What factor explains the existence of several other areas, besides the area around Paris, with high literacy rates in France, as depicted in Map 18.1: Literacy in France, ca. 1789?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eighteenth-century blood sports such as bullbaiting and cockfighting were

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What was the underlying reason for the illegitimacy explosion of 1750-1850?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did the surge in childhood education in the eighteenth century affect literacy rates?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: The surge ...View AnswerShow Answer

The eighteenth century was an era of improving health and increased life expectancy. Why? What impact did improving health and longevity have on European society?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Students s...View AnswerShow Answer

What was a danger that threatened young girls who were living away from home in domestic service?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The growth in eighteenth-century consumerism in clothing was encouraged by what two factors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the purpose of the raucous public rituals in which young men in a village would publicly humiliate a couple or individual who had committed adultery or abuse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the Catholic version of Pietism?

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How did new patterns of food consumption develop in the eighteenth century?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Thanks to ...View AnswerShow Answer

Answer the following questions: -community controls

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Which of the following describes the treatment of children in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?

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A young woman entering domestic service could expect

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What was carnival, and why was it such an important part of popular culture?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Carnival w...View AnswerShow Answer

Edward Jenner received financial prizes from the British government for

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How did the Enlightenment affect attitudes toward popular culture?

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Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed products by all social classes in the eighteenth century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Answer would ideally include: The surge ...
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Answer would ideally include: Students s...
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Answer would ideally include: Thanks to ...
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Answer would ideally include: Carnival w...
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