Question 1

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   tectomesencephalon
B)   pontomesencephalon
C)   corticomesencephalon
D)   rubromesencephalonE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures, an animal ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   stops sleeping
B)   sleeps a normal amount per day, but lacks REM sleep
C)   enters a prolonged state of sleep
D)   alternates rapidly between sleep and wakefulnessE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Bettie tells her classmate that dreaming only occurs during REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Waking up frequently during the night
B)   Having problems going to sleep after losing your job
C)   Difficulty falling asleep
D)   Not breathing during the nightE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

Accepted Answer

A)   opticthalamic
B)   retinohypothalamic
C)   opticretinal
D)   retinothalamicE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   occur only in REM sleep
B)   occur only in NREM sleep
C)   are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep
D)   are more frequent and more vivid in NREM sleepE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Jaleesa has been diagnosed with insomnia because she has sleep attacks while she is awake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

With each succeeding stage of sleep (from 1 to 4) , ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   breathing and heart rates increase
B)   brain activity increases
C)   slow, large-amplitude waves increase in number
D)   brain waves become smallerE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Yuki is considering taking melatonin supplements to correct her sleep cycle. When should she take them?

Accepted Answer

A)   As soon as she wakes up in the morning.
B)   In the late afternoon a few hours before she wants to sleep.
C)   Around noon after she eats lunch.
D)   Each time she wakes up in the middle of the night.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase dramatically over time
B)   cease to exist
C)   decrease over time
D)   remain relatively stableE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Based on research, it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   shorter than 24 hours
B)   exactly 24 hours
C)   just over 24 hours
D)   closer to 28 hoursE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Which hypothesis/theory suggests that the primary motor cortex is suppressed so arousal during sleep cannot lead to action?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neurocognitive
B)   Activation-synthesis
C)   Evolutionary
D)   FreudianE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   The function of sleep is similar to that of hibernation.
B)   More highly evolved species, such as humans, need more sleep than other species.
C)   During sleep, we relive the experiences of past generations.
D)   Sleep enables the body to repair and restore itself to promote survival.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   norepinephrine
B)   acetylcholine
C)   dopamine
D)   serotoninE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)   Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves.
B)   Its neurons can reset the biological clock, but they do not generate it.
C)   It relays visual information to the biological clock.
D)   It relays information from the biological clock to areas that control temperature and activity.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic rates increase at night, so proteins are digested faster than they can be synthesized.
B)   The high levels of melatonin present at night react with the proteins to disable them.
C)   The proteins are unstable at the lower body temperatures that are typical at night.
D)   When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

Accepted Answer

A)   Light no longer resets the biological clock, but the animal continues generating a 24-hour rhythm.
B)   Animals' activity patterns become less consistent and no longer respond to light and dark cycles.
C)   Animals lose their biological rhythms of temperature, but keep other circadian rhythms.
D)   Animals begin to maintain a constant level of activity throughout the 24-hour day.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Denisha is working in the lab and has isolated some cells from a rat brain. Since the cells seem to be producing a steady circadian rhythm, Denisha hypothesizes that these cells came from the rat's _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   retina
B)   SCN
C)   locus coerueus
D)   pituitary glandE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   sleep apnea
B)   narcolepsy
C)   insomnia
D)   periodic limb movement disorderE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yuki is considering taking melatonin supplements to correct her sleep cycle. When should she take them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures, an animal ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bettie tells her classmate that dreaming only occurs during REM sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hypothesis/theory suggests that the primary motor cortex is suppressed so arousal during sleep cannot lead to action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jaleesa has been diagnosed with insomnia because she has sleep attacks while she is awake.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on research, it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With each succeeding stage of sleep (from 1 to 4) , ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denisha is working in the lab and has isolated some cells from a rat brain. Since the cells seem to be producing a steady circadian rhythm, Denisha hypothesizes that these cells came from the rat's _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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