Question 1

Which of the following would be the most effective strategy for reducing the Hawthorne effect:

Accepted Answer

A)   training observers to be unbiased
B)   the use of placebos
C)   standardization
D)   the use of instrumentsE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

If you establish that a measure of lust does not correlate highly with a measure of liking, you have taken a step toward establishing the measure's

Accepted Answer

A)   content validity
B)   criterion validity
C)   discriminant validity
D)   internal consistencyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which technique is more effective for reducing observer bias than for reducing random observer error?

Accepted Answer

A)   using instruments
B)   using multiple-choice tests
C)   making raters blind
D)   training ratersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

A major advantage that objective measures (e.g., multiple-choice)  items generally have over subjectively scored measures is

Accepted Answer

A)   less vulnerability to observer biases
B)   less vulnerability to subject biases
C)   neither a nor b
D)   both a and bE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The problem of observers seeing what they expect to see is called

Accepted Answer

A)   observer bias
B)   random observer error
C)   subject bias
D)   demand characteristicsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

A test-retest coefficient can range in value from

Accepted Answer

A)   0 to 100
B)   0 to 1.00
C)   1 to 99
D)   -1.00 to +1.00E) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 7

Which reliability coefficient would you expect to be the highest?

Accepted Answer

A)   inter-observer reliability
B)   median inter-item correlations
C)   test-retest reliability
D)   all of the above should be about the sameE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

All but one of the following techniques were mentioned as methods of reducing observer bias. Which is it?

Accepted Answer

A)   using scientific instruments
B)   simplifying the observers' task
C)   making observers blind
D)   using multiple observersE) A) and C)
F) A) and D) D

Question 9

If participants' scores on a new social intelligence test are correlate with their scores on an established test of social intelligence, the new test has ________ validity. If participants' scores on the new social intelligence test do not correlate with their scores on an extroversion test, the test has ______ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)   construct, internal
B)   convergent, discriminant
C)   discriminant, convergent
D)   internal, constructE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Random error and bias are the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)   hunger is 8 hours of food deprivation
B)   attachment is the bond between an infant and its mother
C)   learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior
D)   anger is a negative emotional stateE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Interobserver reliability coefficients are a good way to assess how much random error is affecting scores assigned by observers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

____ manipulations are most easily standardized whereas ___ manipulations are hardest to standardize.

Accepted Answer

A)   instructional; environmental
B)   environmental; instructional
C)   instructional; stooges
D)   stooges; instructionalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 14

If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are consistent from one time of testing to the next, the test is ________. If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are accurate indicators of their social intelligence, the test is ______

Accepted Answer

A)   reliable, valid
B)   valid, reliable
C)   reliable, reliable
D)   valid, validE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Psychologists believe that manipulation checks

Accepted Answer

A)   should be used even when it seems obvious that the manipulation is manipulating what it should be manipulating
B)   increase the reliability of a manipulation
C)   are a good substitute for placebo treatments
D)   do not need to be used if the manipulation is consistent with theoryE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

_____ manipulations are most vulnerable to subject biases, whereas _____ manipulations are most vulnerable to experimenter biases.

Accepted Answer

A)   instructional; environmental
B)   environmental; instructional
C)   instructional; stooges
D)   stooges; instructionalE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

If subject bias is your biggest concern, you would use:

Accepted Answer

A)   an instructional manipulation
B)   an environmental manipulation
C)   a stooge manipulation
D)   a manipulation checkE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The extent to which a test measures anything consistently is its

Accepted Answer

A)   normality
B)   objectivity
C)   reliability
D)   validityE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Introducing random error into a study

Accepted Answer

A)   reduces reliability
B)   reduces validity
C)   biases the results
D)   both a and bE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

An unreliable measure cannot be a valid measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Which of the following would be the most effective strategy for reducing the Hawthorne effect:

Correct Answer
verified

If you establish that a measure of lust does not correlate highly with a measure of liking, you have taken a step toward establishing the measure's

Correct Answer
verified

Which technique is more effective for reducing observer bias than for reducing random observer error?

Correct Answer
verified

A major advantage that objective measures (e.g., multiple-choice) items generally have over subjectively scored measures is

Correct Answer
verified

The problem of observers seeing what they expect to see is called

Correct Answer
verified

A test-retest coefficient can range in value from

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which reliability coefficient would you expect to be the highest?

Correct Answer
verified

All but one of the following techniques were mentioned as methods of reducing observer bias. Which is it?

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
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Random error and bias are the same thing.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an operational definition?

Correct Answer
verified

Interobserver reliability coefficients are a good way to assess how much random error is affecting scores assigned by observers.

Correct Answer
verified

__ manipulations are most easily standardized whereas _ manipulations are hardest to standardize.

Correct Answer
verified
C

If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are consistent from one time of testing to the next, the test is __. If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are accurate indicators of their social intelligence, the test is

Correct Answer
verified

Psychologists believe that manipulation checks

Correct Answer
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_ manipulations are most vulnerable to subject biases, whereas _ manipulations are most vulnerable to experimenter biases.

Correct Answer
verified

If subject bias is your biggest concern, you would use:

Correct Answer
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The extent to which a test measures anything consistently is its

Correct Answer
verified

Introducing random error into a study

Correct Answer
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An unreliable measure cannot be a valid measure.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Which of the following would be the most effective strategy for reducing the Hawthorne effect:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you establish that a measure of lust does not correlate highly with a measure of liking, you have taken a step toward establishing the measure's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which technique is more effective for reducing observer bias than for reducing random observer error?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major advantage that objective measures (e.g., multiple-choice) items generally have over subjectively scored measures is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The problem of observers seeing what they expect to see is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A test-retest coefficient can range in value from

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which reliability coefficient would you expect to be the highest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All but one of the following techniques were mentioned as methods of reducing observer bias. Which is it?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random error and bias are the same thing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an operational definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interobserver reliability coefficients are a good way to assess how much random error is affecting scores assigned by observers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____ manipulations are most easily standardized whereas ___ manipulations are hardest to standardize.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are consistent from one time of testing to the next, the test is ________. If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are accurate indicators of their social intelligence, the test is ______

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists believe that manipulation checks

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ manipulations are most vulnerable to subject biases, whereas _____ manipulations are most vulnerable to experimenter biases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If subject bias is your biggest concern, you would use:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extent to which a test measures anything consistently is its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Introducing random error into a study

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An unreliable measure cannot be a valid measure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

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D

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__ manipulations are most easily standardized whereas _ manipulations are hardest to standardize.

Correct Answer
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C

If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are consistent from one time of testing to the next, the test is __. If participants' scores on a social intelligence test are accurate indicators of their social intelligence, the test is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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_ manipulations are most vulnerable to subject biases, whereas _ manipulations are most vulnerable to experimenter biases.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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