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Why are adoption studies often used when attempting to study the influence of genetic factors on psychological disorders?


A) because they allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology using more sophisticated statistical techniques
B) because they allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology without the typical confound of having siblings raised in the same environment
C) because they allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology without the typical confound of common biological parents
D) because they allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology through direct examination of genetic causes

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?


A) determining which treatment reduces patients' anxiety in the fewest sessions
B) examining the impact of Prozac on serotonin levels
C) determining how many therapy sessions it takes for most anxiety patients to feel better
D) examining the impact of Prozac on depression

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In prevention research,what are the two most frequently used methods for examining psychopathology across time?


A) longitudinal and case study
B) longitudinal and experimental
C) longitudinal and sequential
D) longitudinal and cross-sectional

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What do you call any factor in a research study that makes the results uninterpretable?


A) a null variable
B) a dependent variable
C) a correlate
D) a confound

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Family studies are often used to help determine whether a psychological disorder has a genetic component.Which of the following patterns is typical for a disorder that is influenced by genetics?


A) Siblings of the person with the disorder will almost always have the same or similar disorders, and cousins are more likely than the general public to have the disorders.
B) Siblings will almost always have the same or similar disorders, while cousins may have a similar rate of the disorder as the general public.
C) Siblings of the person with the disorder are more likely than cousins to have the disorder, and cousins are more likely to have the disorder than the general public.
D) Siblings of the person with the disorder are more likely to have the disorder than cousins, and cousins are just as likely to have the disorder as the general public.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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When a control group is used in experimental research,how will the members of the control group be treated?


A) the same as the control group in any other psychology study
B) the same as the treatment group except that they will be given psychological therapy
C) the same as the treatment group except that they will not be exposed to the independent variable
D) the same as the treatment group except that they will be exposed to the independent variable

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is the highest priority when making a decision about whether research is ethical according to the Third Edition of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?


A) the potential the research has to benefit society
B) the welfare of the research participants
C) whether the research question is valid.
D) whether participants are assigned to research groups randomly

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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One of the problems with longitudinal research is that it may be difficult to generalize the findings to other cohorts whose life experiences are very different from those of the study participants.What is this phenomenon known as?


A) the cross-generational effect
B) the cross-cultural effect
C) the peer effect
D) the cohort effect

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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What type of research compares people with a specific disorder to those without the disorder,and then identifies markers that occur significantly more often in people with the disorder?


A) a genetic linkage study
B) a family study
C) a heritability analysis
D) an association study

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Four-year-old Jane took part in a research study that investigated the effects of junk food on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal,Jane's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?


A) The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study.
B) Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research.
C) Parental participation must be obtained.
D) A child's identity must remain confidential.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In research,what does the term "clinical significance" refer to?


A) whether the effects observed in the study are due to controlled sampling
B) whether the effects observed in the study are due to the manipulation of the independent variable
C) whether the effects observed in the study are due to chance
D) how important the effects are in the "real world"

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Given what we know about the effects of genes and the environment,which of the following pairs of children would be expected to be most similar in terms of overall personality,psychological disorders,and intelligence?


A) biological siblings, each adopted immediately after birth, one raised in Vancouver and the other raised in Toronto
B) dizygotic twins, one raised in a wealthy family living in a modern city and the other raised in poverty in a developing nation
C) biological siblings raised in the same home
D) adopted children from different biological families raised in the same home

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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The effects of a study on sleep finds that research participants who took a supplement slept an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night.The participants who were given a placebo pill slept for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes.How are these findings best described?


A) clinically significant
B) statistically significant
C) not clinically significant
D) not valid

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Describe the experiment as it is used in group research.Explain the procedures,advantages,and disadvantages of the experiment as a research method.

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In group research, experiments are often...

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What does the incidence of a disorder refer to?


A) the predicted number of new cases during the coming year
B) the estimated number of new cases during a specific period of time
C) the distribution and consequences of a problem in a population
D) the number of people with a disorder at any one time

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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There are four basic components of informed consent; competence and volunteerism are two of these.What are the other two?


A) anonymity and full information
B) full information and comprehension
C) knowledge of results and anonymity
D) comprehension and knowledge of results

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Why is it important to use a double-blind procedure in some research studies?


A) to prevent the participants' expectations from biasing the expectations of the researcher
B) to prevent the independent variable from influencing the dependent variable
C) to prevent the researcher's expectations from biasing the outcome
D) to prevent the confusion of correlation with causation

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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What is the advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment?


A) The researcher can determine whether improvements gained with treatment are lost when the treatment is withheld.
B) The researcher can counterbalance the research design with additional measures to improve internal and external validity.
C) The researcher can conduct a true double-blind experiment.
D) The researcher can control for the placebo effect.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Krank and colleagues (2005,2006) studied the development of alcohol and drug use in British Columbia youth.To do this,they collected cross-sectional survey data from more than 1300 students in grades 7 to 9.For the longitudinal part of the study,they then re-tested the students once a year for the next two academic years.What is this combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods in one study called?


A) a cross-linkage research design
B) a cohort research design
C) a sequential research design
D) an association research design

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Dr.Ahmed is studying the psychological experiences of the residents of Fort McMurray,Alberta,following the devastating fire that engulfed the town.What research method is Dr.Ahmed MOST likely using?


A) the experiment
B) the longitudinal study
C) the correlational model
D) the case study

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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