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The "Prince of Humanists," Erasmus, developed a "Philosophy of Christ" that


A) held that the true essence of Christianity was the life and actions of Christ and that each person was good and rational.
B) condemned all non-Christian philosophies as false but also rejected church authority.
C) was officially adopted as part of the Reformation.
D) was officially adopted by the Catholic Church.
E) criticized Greek and Roman wisdom as being non-transferable to the sixteenth century.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Define the following terms: Thomas More

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Thomas More, also known as Sir Thomas Mo...

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How rational was the Renaissance? Discuss the influence of occult and magical texts on writers such as Pico and the popularity of hermetic magic, astrology, and alchemy.

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Define the following terms: Hermes Trismagistos

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Hermes Trismagistos, also known as Herme...

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Humanist fascination with education produced all of the following except


A) a new understanding of language, philosophy, and religion.
B) an intense search for classics that young Roman men studied to become educated Romans.
C) a lending library at the Vatican.
D) the creation of private libraries of the classics.
E) co-educational schools.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Define the following terms: Geoffrey Chaucer

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Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) was an E...

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In The Book of the Courtier , Castiglione advised all of the following except that


A) women should organize a court's discussions.
B) grace was inborn in every nobleman and needed to be drawn out.
C) martial and religious values were no longer fashionable.
D) true gentlemen should have an unstudied naturalness.
E) under no circumstances should a woman dominate a debate.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Leonardo da Vinci was known for


A) abstract painting and nonfigurative sculpture.
B) great literary expertise and humanist accomplishments.
C) construction of the first successful airplanes and submarines.
D) chiaroscuro painting and analytical observation.
E) his emphasis on the classics.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Humanists outside of Italy were


A) more absorbed in Roman history than the Italians.
B) not concerned with local interests.
C) more interested in religious reform.
D) from areas that had been part of the Roman Empire
E) not interested in imitating the past in their work.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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What works of vernacular literature were produced during the Renaissance? Did they imitate Classical authors as the Italian humanists recommended?

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Define the following terms: Renaissance

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The Renaissance is a term used to descri...

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Consider the work of Machiavelli. How does his outlook differ from that of the civic humanists? Why does the principle that "the end justifies the means" represent a new idea in Western political thought?

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Essays should mention his main works and...

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Define the following terms: Classical Antiquity

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Classical Antiquity, also known as the C...

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Define the following terms: movable type

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Movable type refers to a system of print...

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The movement called the Renaissance included all of the following except


A) a cultural revival intended to revive Classical and early Christian traditions.
B) origins in northern Italy.
C) major advances in the treatment and diagnosis of disease.
D) expansion to the entire West, including Hungary, Poland, and Scandinavia.
E) desire to improve and reform society of the time.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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What was the main focus of Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier ? Give examples of his recommendations to aspiring gentlemen. Why was the book so popular?

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Students should discuss that t...

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In his On the Falsely Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine , Valla proved that


A) Emperor Constantine had, in fact, given the pope the western half of the Roman Empire to rule.
B) while the document was authentic, spiritual and legal reasons made it invalid.
C) the language in which the document was written indicated it was an eighth-century forgery.
D) the matter of the document's authenticity is irrelevant.
E) the document's use of diadem was not described correctly, and not in use at the time of the document.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Define the following terms: civic humanism

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Civic humanism is a philosophical and et...

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Petrarch was a


A) Scholastic philosopher.
B) monk with a zeal for reform.
C) ruler of a small but elegant commune.
D) Classical scholar with an exalted idea of ancient Roman values.
E) critic of the guild system.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Define the following terms: Niccolò Machiavelli

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Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renai...

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