Question 1

If we were to discover beings on a distant planet that looked very much like us, what would this probably be cited as an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)   coincidence
B)   convergent evolution
C)   homology
D)   adaptive radiationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Suppose that you want to clarify whether the frogs Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis are the same species, since they look exactly the same. Which of the following would you most likely use as evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   their sounds
B)   their genetics
C)   their physiology
D)   their behaviourE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-similarity that results from shared ancestry

Accepted Answer

A)  monophyletic taxon
B)  polyphyletic taxon
C)  paraphyletic taxon
D)  homology
E)  convergent evolutionF) homoplasyG) phylogenyH) apomorphyI) synapomorphyJ) outgroupK) B) and F)
L) H) and I)

Question 4

What depicts relatedness on a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A)   horizontal spacing between clades
B)   the position of the nodes
C)   the position of the clades
D)   the position of the branchesE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following present characters that systematists use to develop phylogenies?

Accepted Answer

A)   morphology, behaviour, and sequence of nucleic acids
B)   morphology, behaviour, sequence of nucleic acids and proteins
C)   behaviour and sequence of nucleic acids and proteins
D)   morphology and sequence of nucleic acids and proteinsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What is adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)   the basis of radiometric dating
B)   development of similar body form in unrelated organisms
C)   formation of beneficial alleles through exposure to radiation
D)   origin of many species from a single common ancestorE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-the evolution of similar adaptations in distantly related organisms that live in similar environments

Accepted Answer

A)  monophyletic taxon
B)  polyphyletic taxon
C)  paraphyletic taxon
D)  homology
E)  convergent evolutionF) homoplasyG) phylogenyH) apomorphyI) synapomorphyJ) outgroupK) A) and B)
L) B) and G)

Question 8

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-a species related to the clade but not included within it

Accepted Answer

A)  monophyletic taxon
B)  polyphyletic taxon
C)  paraphyletic taxon
D)  homology
E)  convergent evolutionF) homoplasyG) phylogenyH) apomorphyI) synapomorphyJ) outgroupK) None of the above
L) B) and H)

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes derived and ancestral characters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Derived characters are new forms of traits, and ancestral characters are old forms of traits.
B)   Ancestral characters are new forms of traits, and derived characters are old forms of traits.
C)   Derived characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and ancestral characters are not.
D)   Ancestral characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and derived characters are not.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following did Linnaeus invent?

Accepted Answer

A)   genus
B)   specific epithet
C)   binomial nomenclature
D)   trinomial nomenclatureE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following represent character states observed in the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)   adapted traits
B)   inherited traits
C)   derived traits
D)   ancestral traitsE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a paraphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Accepted Answer

A)   only some of the descendants
B)   only an ancestor
C)   an ancestor and all its descendants
D)   an ancestor and some of its descendantsE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

What do systematists compare in the maximum likelihood method?

Accepted Answer

A)   specific trees, with alternative models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA
B)   alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of RNA
C)   alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA
D)   alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of proteinsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Genetic distance method calculates the overall proportion of bases that differ between many species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of these statements best distinguishes between parallel and convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)   The term convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms.
B)   The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms.
C)   The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically parallel organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically converted organisms.
D)   The term parallel evolution is used when referring to morphologically similar organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to morphologically different organisms.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Suppose that you want to find a relationship between two similar organisms. Which of the following would you most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)   a phylogenetic tree
B)   fossil record
C)   morphological similarities
D)   physiological similaritiesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of homologous characters?

Accepted Answer

A)   the wings of insects and birds used for flying
B)   the finlike structures in fish and penguins
C)   the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs
D)   the sweet potato and potato as food storageE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Explain the principle of parsimony applied to phylogenetic analyses.

Accepted Answer

This principle states that the simplest ...

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of analogous characters?

Accepted Answer

A)   the tailbone of a human being and the tail of a monkey
B)   the arm of a human, the wing of a bird, and the leg of a dog
C)   the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs
D)   the sweet potato and potato as food storageE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

North American cactus is strikingly similar to African spurge. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)   same species
B)   shared common ancestor
C)   shared inheritance
D)   convergent evolutionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 19: Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -similarity that results from shared ancestry

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we were to discover beings on a distant planet that looked very much like us, what would this probably be cited as an example of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of homologous characters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represent character states observed in the outgroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that you want to find a relationship between two similar organisms. Which of the following would you most likely use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

North American cactus is strikingly similar to African spurge. What is this an example of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that you want to clarify whether the frogs Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis are the same species, since they look exactly the same. Which of the following would you most likely use as evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -the evolution of similar adaptations in distantly related organisms that live in similar environments

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do systematists compare in the maximum likelihood method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best distinguishes derived and ancestral characters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic distance method calculates the overall proportion of bases that differ between many species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -a species related to the clade but not included within it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the principle of parsimony applied to phylogenetic analyses.

Correct AnswerverifiedThis principle states that the simplest ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following did Linnaeus invent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of analogous characters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements best distinguishes between parallel and convergent evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following present characters that systematists use to develop phylogenies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a paraphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is adaptive radiation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What depicts relatedness on a phylogenetic tree?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
This principle states that the simplest ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified