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Karl is in the hospital for delirium.What can Karl's family do to help his recovery?


A) exclude Karl from any medical decision to avoid increased anxiety
B) reassure Karl and surround him with familiar belongings
C) move Karl to a new hospital room to increase cognitive activity
D) restrain Karl to prevent self-harm and allow the delirium to wear off

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which factor can trigger delirium?


A) food deprivation
B) excessive stress
C) cardiovascular difficulties
D) isolation

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which disorder begins with involuntary movements referred to as "chorea"?


A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Huntington's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Monger-Rolland syndrome

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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B

Ted has been admitted to the hospital with delirium.Ted's doctor thinks the delirium was caused by a medication Ted takes.Ted takes several medications.Which medications is the doctor most concerned about?


A) those with neuroleptic effects
B) those with cholinergic effects
C) those with extra-pyramidal effects
D) those with anticholinergic effects

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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D

What is one of the distinguishing characteristics between disability due to cognitive functions and disability due to psychological conditions?


A) There is a much greater genetic contribution to disability due to cognitive functions than there is for disability due to psychological conditions.
B) Disability due to cognitive functions is more frequent after age 65; disability due to psychological conditions is less frequent after age 65.
C) Disability due to psychological conditions is more frequent after age 65; disability due to cognitive functions is less frequent after age 65.
D) Disability due to cognitive functions is mostly organic in origin; disability due to psychological conditions is mostly psychosocial in origin.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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A major study in Sweden was conducted to consider possible preventative strategies for neurocognitive disorder.It included 1810 participants who were older than 65 at the time and followed them for about 13 years.Through medical histories and interviews, what did the study conclude?


A) You should lean toward a vegetarian diet and maintain a life of physical activity.
B) Earlier genetic counselling is critical.
C) It is important to control your blood pressure, not smoke, and lead a physical and social life.
D) It is important to eat well and stay engaged in academically stimulating activities.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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What does glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) do?


A) It preserves and possibly restores neurons.
B) It breaks down amyloid plaques.
C) It regulates dopamine production.
D) It cures hypothyroidism.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What causes most cognitive disorders?


A) prescription drug interactions
B) brain dysfunction
C) a frontal lobe head injury
D) the normal process of aging

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Based on known facts about the genetic influences on Alzheimer's disease, it appears that there may be several genetic causes, which may influence the course and age of onset for the disorder.For example, genetic research has found an association between chromosome 14 and chromosome 19 and specific types of Alzheimer's disease.What are these types, respectively?


A) late onset and early onset
B) early onset and late onset
C) irreversible and reversible
D) reversible and irreversible

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Sixty-year-old Fred has the typical early symptoms of neurocognitive disorder.What does the fact that he has declines in speed of information processing and executive functioning suggest?


A) His neurocognitive disorder is caused by a vascular neurocognitive disorder.
B) His neurocognitive disorder is influenced by a medication.
C) His neurocognitive disorder is due to multiple influences.
D) His neurocognitive disorder is caused by Alzheimer's disease.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What is the approximate average survival time of a patient diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?


A) 2 years
B) 8 years
C) 15 years
D) 20 years

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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William has Alzheimer's disease and is receiving a medication regimen.What is that medication regimen most likely to be?


A) an antidepressant and antipsychotic medications
B) Cognex or Aricept
C) vitamin B12 supplements
D) benzodiazepines with antidepressants

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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When do symptoms of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease typically appear?


A) when a person is in their 40s or 50s
B) when a person is in their 50s or 60s
C) when a person is in their 60s or 70s
D) when a person is in their 70s or 80s

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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If you had 100 Canadians over the age of 85 in a group, how many would have neurocognitive disorder?


A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 25

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Barrie has neurocognitive disorder.What is the most likely cause of this disorder?


A) Alzheimer's disease
B) syphilis
C) improper use of prescription drugs
D) a history of substance abuse

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Explain the relationship that has been observed between formal education and the development of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease.What psychosocial and neurological explanations have been offered for this observation?

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The relationship between formal educatio...

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Compared to most disorders, what is so unusual about Huntington's disease?


A) It is the result of one gene.
B) It is associated with subcortical impairment.
C) It is a cause of neurocognitive disorder.
D) It is influenced by many genes.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What would you expect to see in an individual with frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder?


A) memory impairment
B) declines in appropriate behaviour
C) motor impairments
D) speed of processing deficits

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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B

Patients with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease benefit from certain medications.What do these medications do?


A) prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine
B) repair neuronal damage
C) enhance the level of dopamine
D) prevent the reuptake of serotonin

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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If Dr.Farber were to publish a journal article about the first symptom reported by people who are in the initial stages of neurocognitive disorder, what would be the topic of the paper?


A) facial recognition
B) disorientation
C) loss of memory for how to do things
D) loss of memory for recent events

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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