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Exam 2: Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find IT

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Question 21

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RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss.She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music.She studies 40 people and finds the following results: To understand whether the subliminal messages have an effect, Charlotte needs to consider which of the following cells in the chart?

A) Only Cell A
B) Only Cell B
C) Only Cell C
D) She must consider all of the cells.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 22

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How would you adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?

A) Using common sense to understand scientific data
B) Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data
C) Finding evidence that confirms your hypotheses
D) Reminding yourself that because you know about potential biases, you cannot fall prey to them

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Question 23

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Name the six basic sections of an empirical journal article.

Tim tells you that the best way to make friends is by opening the conversation with a joke.He can easily recall all the friends he met by telling a joke and also the times he opened with chitchat and didn't befriend the person.If you were concerned that Tim was making the present/present bias, what would you ask him?

Sasha believes that she is a nice person.To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is.Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it.Sasha would likely draw a different conclusion if she did which of the following?

How does research overcome the problem of confounds?

When reading an empirical journal article "with a purpose," which two questions should you ask yourself as you read? To this end, which section should you read first in order to quickly answer these questions?

Karla is starting her study for her research methods and needs to begin finding some research articles.She tells you that she plans on searching for her sources on Google Scholar.Provide three reasons that you would recommend that she use PsycINFO instead to search for sources.

Compared with doing a generic Internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources?

Which of the following is true of the distinction between scientific journals and popular magazines?

Marcella is conducting a PsycINFO search for treatments for autism spectrum disorder by searching "autism treatment." However, her search is returning too many results.If she is interested in getting more specific results, Marcella could search:

Which of the following is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

Asking questions to get the answers we want is known as:

Ellie is looking for a summary of research on the effect size of childhood abuse on adult depression.Which of the following scientific sources would be an ideal source?

RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss.She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music.She studies 40 people and finds the following results: A change to which of the following cells will result in a different interpretation of the results of subliminal messages?

Explain how conclusions drawn from the confirmation bias are different from those using the theory-data cycle.

James is asked about the best way to study for an exam.He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards.He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made As.However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made As and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well.His faulty thinking is an example of:

Javier wants his lab partner to tell him if he thinks the article he found for their project is appropriate.Rather than have him read the article, which two parts of the paper could Javier have his lab partner read to get a summary of the article?

RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss.She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods than will people who do not have subliminal messages in their music.She studies 40 people and finds the following results: Although Charlotte is concerned with exposure to subliminal messages, she collects data from people not exposed to subliminal messages.What is this group called? Why must this group be included in her study?

Your friend Samir wants to learn how to be more persuasive.He is a marketing major and thinks that understanding more about persuasion might be helpful.Which type of scientific sources might you recommend to him and why?