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RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence.Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class.She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter.Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Susan's prediction that students who have all three needs met will experience greater satisfaction with their psychology class is an example of which of the following?


A) A theory
B) A hypothesis
C) Data
D) Research

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Although not all psychology majors become producers of research, name two benefits of learning how to become a producer of research.

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The benefits of learning how to become a...

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Which aspect of the peer-review cycle allows for the greatest amount of honesty in reviews?


A) The number of peer reviewers
B) The anonymity of the peer reviewers
C) The possibility of rejection
D) The frequency of publication

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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RESEARCH STUDY 1.2: Dr.White reads about a new theory that states that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb.To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression.Dr.White found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in the amniotic fluid. In this study, estrogen levels in participants were the .


A) theory
B) research question
C) hypothesis
D) data

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a reason that a journalist may misrepresent a psychology study in a magazine?


A) The peer-review process for journalists sometimes makes them miss important facts.
B) Journalists may count on their readers to check the original scientific journal.
C) Journalists may not personally have the scientific background to understand the study.
D) Journalists are unethical.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Dr.Gonzalez is a peer reviewer for a manuscript submitted to a journal.He is likely to provide comments on which of the following?


A) How well the general public will understand the study
B) How well the research was conducted
C) The prestige/reputation of the author
D) Previous studies from the same research group

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and theories?


A) Hypotheses are used to determine if a theory is accurate.
B) Theories are used to determine if a hypothesis is accurate.
C) Multiple theories are needed to test whether a hypothesis is accurate.
D) Hypotheses and theories are synonymous terms.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The text mentions two important questions to ask about a popular media story.What are these two questions, and why are they important to consider as you evaluate a story?

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The two important questions to ask are "...

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Provide two reasons why it is beneficial to be a good consumer of research, even if you are not a psychologist.

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Several answers are acceptable, includin...

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Which of the following is a reason why it is important to be an effective producer of research?


A) It is important to be able to synthesize previous research findings.
B) It is important to know how to interpret the results and graphs of your study.
C) It is important to understand whether the information you read is accurate.
D) It is important to know how to write in APA style.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Both James and Thomas have theories that explain why listening to classical music while reading is associated with increased recall of the material.James' theory is much simpler than Thomas'.Thomas created his theory a few months before James did.Which of the following is true?


A) James' theory would be considered better because it is more parsimonious.
B) James' theory would be considered better because it was thought of more recently.
C) Thomas' theory would be considered better because he thought of it first.
D) Thomas' theory would be considered better because it is more complex.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to .


A) questions
B) answers
C) data
D) research

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Name three types of research data or information that people are exposed to every day, even if they are not psychologists.

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Several answers are acceptable...

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Nadia submits her article to a scientific journal for publication.Who makes the final decision on whether her article is published in that scientific journal?


A) The editor of the journal
B) Nadia, the author of the article
C) A panel of experts
D) The publisher of the journal

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Another word for data is a(n) .


A) theory
B) observation
C) prediction
D) outcome

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The Harlow study described in the text is an example of basic research.It found that attachment to a caregiver is important in the early months of life.How might a researcher use this study as inspiration for an applied research study?

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Answers may vary, but in each response, ...

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is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory.


A) Falsifiability
B) Theorizing
C) Empiricism
D) Application

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Dr.Stewart is an editor of a psychology journal.She wants to ensure that reviewers give honest reviews of the papers they are asked to read.Which of the following could she do to increase the likelihood of honest feedback?


A) Increase the number of peer reviewers
B) Use reviewers from fields other than psychology
C) Make sure the peer reviewers are anonymous
D) Give reviewers a longer amount of time to read papers

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Name the two aspects that improve the publication process from journal to journalism.

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Journalists should choose studies that a...

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Name three ways that articles published in scientific journals are different from journalistic articles.

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Answers may vary, but in each response, ...

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